Сводная информация о патентах США
(тематические подборки по нескольким тематикам)
| N п/п | Номер патента | Название | Реферат | Автор(ы) | Заявитель(ли) | Приоритет | Дата выдачи | МПК | Номер заявки |
| 1 | 8363744 | Method and system for robust, secure, and high-efficiency voice and packet transmission over ad-hoc, mesh, and MIMO communication networks | Using at least one MIMO-capable transceiver allows weighting calculations for signals transmitted and received, and enables individual packets to adapt, in a scalable, flexible, and responsive fashion to the real-world dynamics of a continuously varying communications network environment. The method and system of this invention use adaptively-derived diversity means to rapidly and efficiently distinguish the desired signal from noise, network interference, and external interference impinging on the network's transceivers and can transmit with lessened overhead. ADC operations and signal transformations continuously update combiner weights to match dynamically-varying environmental and traffic conditions, thereby continuously matching necessitated signal and waveform transformations with environmental and signal effects and sources. Successive iterations of the adaptation algorithm let each node's multiport combiner and distribution weights approach the MIMO channel's Shannon capacity in high-rate networks, or to minimize power needed to close links at a specified rate in low-rate networks, e.g. Voice-Over-IP networks | Agee Brian G. (San Jose, CA), Bromberg Matthew C. (Leominster, MA), Agee Brian G | Aloft Media, LLC (Longview, TX) | 23.07.2007 | 29.01.2013 | H04B7/02, H04L1/02 | 11/880825 |
| 2 | 8363567 | Method and system for channel estimation in a single channel (SC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system comprising two-transmit (2-Tx) and multiple-receive (M-Rx) antennas for WCDMA/HSDPA | In a wireless system, a method and system for channel estimation in a single channel MIMO system comprising two-transmit and multiple-receive antennas for WCDMA/HSDPA are provided. A first receive antenna and at least one additional receive antenna may receive a plurality of SC communication signals transmitted from a first and an additional transmit antennas. Estimates of the propagation channels between transmit and receive antennas may be performed concurrently and may be determined from a baseband combined channel estimate. The integration time may be based on channel estimation accuracy and wireless modem performance. The signals received in the additional receive antennas may be multiplied by a rotation waveform to achieve channel orthogonality. The rotation waveform's amplitude and phase components may be modified based on the channel estimates. Rotation of the received signals in the additional receive antennas may be continuous or periodic | Kent Mark (Vista, CA), Erceg Vinko (Cardiff, CA), Landau Uri M (San Diego, CA), van Rooyen Pieter G. W. (San Diego, CA), Roux Pieter (San Diego, CA), Kent Mark | Broadcom Corporation (Irvine, CA) | 08.02.2011 | 29.01.2013 | H04W24/00 | 13/022841 |
| 3 | 8311810 | Reduced delay spatial coding and decoding apparatus and teleconferencing system | The delay in a multi-channel audio coding apparatus and a multi-channel audio decoding apparatus is reduced. The audio coding apparatus includes: a downmix signal generating unit that generates, in a time domain, a first downmix signal that is one of a 1-channel audio signal and a 2-channel audio signal from an input multi-channel audio signal: a downmix signal coding unit that codes the first downmix signal: a first t-f converting unit that converts the input multi-channel audio signal into a multi-channel audio signal in a frequency domain: and a spatial information calculating unit that generates spatial information for generating a multi-channel audio signal from a downmix signal | Ishikawa Tomokazu (Osaka, JP), Norimatsu Takeshi (Hyogo, JP), Chong Kok Seng (Singapore, SG), Zhou Huan (Singapore, SG) | Panasonic Corporation (Osaka, JP) | 28.07.2009 | 13.11.2012 | G10L21/00, G10L19/02, H04R5/00 | 12/679814 |
| 4 | 8300533 | Uplink pilot multiplexing in single user MIMO and SDMA for single carrier frequency division multiple access systems | Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing schemes. In various embodiments, frequency position and pilot channel bandwidth can be adaptively varied in a block over time based on the uplink channel data, such as the number of streams to be multiplexed. Thus, the provided adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing schemes provide flexible uplink pilot allocation schemes while maintaining single carrier waveform for improved transmit power efficiency and orthogonality of pilots within blocks for improve channel estimation and suppression of interference | Malladi Durga Prasad (San Diego, CA), Montojo Juan (San Diego, CA), Zhang Xiaoxia (San Diego, CA) | QUALCOMM Incorporated (San Diego, CA) | 05.10.2007 | 30.10.2012 | G01R31/08, H04J1/00, H04L5/0048, H04L5/0023 | 12/440586 |
| 5 | 8290080 | Techniques for transmitting data in a wireless communication system using quasi-orthogonal space-time code | A technique for communicating in a wireless communication system includes creating, using two distinct Alamouti codes, a power-scaled quasi-orthogonal space-time block code. The technique further includes transmitting, using a transmitter, the power-scaled quasi-orthogonal space-time block code over multiple antennas (e.g., three or four transmit antennas) | Lee Hoojin (Austin, TX) | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (Austin, TX) | 13.02.2009 | 16.10.2012 | H04B7/02 | 12/371147 |
| 6 | 8242949 | Multipath SAR imaging | Disclosed is a method for removing the distortions produced by multipath Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. Conventional SAR systems assume that the returned signal consists of only direct scatterings: in practice however, the returned signal consists of multiple scattering events. Multiple or multipath scattering occurs when part of the surface reflects energy to at least one other part of the surface before the signal is scattered back to the receiver. Multipath scattering distorts the SAR image by superimposing blurring artifacts that diminish the resolution of the radar image. We exploit the phase change introduced by the half Nyquist" frequency points of Fourier space to remove the effects of multiple scattering. The reflectivity function of the scene is recovered while retaining the resolving power of single scattering SAR" | DeLaurentis John M. (Albuquerque, NM) | --- | 30.06.2010 | 14.08.2012 | G01S13/00 | 12/803579 |
| 7 | 8217827 | Radar method and apparatus suitable for use in multipath environments | A method and system for locating objects in a region having a high degree of multipath susceptibility comprises a plurality of transducers, each being a transmit or receive antenna, and being arranged about the region in known locations, to form a bistatic or multistatic radar, with some embodiments being MIMO systems. Signals transmitted by the transmit antenna(s) are received at each receive antenna and processed to form a set of channel impulse responses, or power delay profiles, representative of the region at a given time. A second set is formed at a different time, and the difference between the two sets is calculated, the difference containing information on movement within the region. The difference may be processed to localize the moving object(s) by graphical means, e.g. by generating an x-y image representative of the region, and accumulating at each pixel appropriate values of the profile difference selected according to the propagation delay between a transmit-receive antenna pair via a region point represented by the pixel | Hayward Stephen David (Malvern, GB), Lane Richard Oliver (Malvern, GB) | Qinetiq Limited (London, GB) | 13.10.2008 | 10.07.2012 | G01S13/00 | 12/678895 |
| 8 | 8213314 | Virtual space-time code for relay networks | A method for transmitting data in a wireless network includes wirelessly transmitting data from a base station to a plurality of spatially separated relay stations. The data is correlated according to space-time block coding (STBC) for transmission over multiple antennas. The STBC correlated data are wirelessly transmitted from the plurality of spatially separated relay stations to a mobile station. The plurality of spatially separated relay stations cooperate to provide a single multiple antenna transmission | Chindapol Aik (Washington, DC), Chui Jimmy (Princeton, NJ) | Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Co. KG (Munchen, DE) | 08.11.2007 | 03.07.2012 | G01R31/08, H04L12/28, H04W4/00, H04B7/14 | 11/937154 |
| 9 | 8204014 | Method and system for codebook-based closed-loop MIMO using common pilots and analog feedback | A method and system that enables the usage of sounding-based feedback or analog feedback in a MIMO communication system with non-beamformed or broadcast pilot symbols is disclosed. The mobile station may employ a feedback channel to send a sounding waveform to a base station, a feedforward channel to receive from the base station codebook weights derived from the send sounding waveform, a receiver to receive communication from the base station, and a processor to detect beamformed data from the received communication and received codebook weights from the base station. The base station processes the sounding waveform to determine codebook weights on groups of subcarriers. Additionally, the base station transmits the beamformed payload and broadcast pilots to the mobile station | Mondal Bishwarup (Oak Park, IL), Baum Kevin L. (Rolling Meadows, IL), Ghosh Amitabha (Buffalo Grove, IL), Thomas Timothy (Palatine, IL), Vook Frederick (Schaumburg, IL), Wang Fan (Chicago, IL) | Motorola Mobility, Inc. (Libertyville, IL) | 17.03.2009 | 19.06.2012 | H04W4/00, H04L1/00, H04L12/26, H04B7/0417, H04B7/0617, H04B7/0665, H04L5/005, H04L25/03343, H04L25/0204, H04L25/0224, H04L2025/03414, H04L2025/03808 | 12/405307 |
| 10 | 8149945 | Transmitter having full-diversity and full-rate, a linear space-time code generating method for the transmitter, and a MIMO system using same | A space-time code has a codeword matrix. The codeword matrix is a square matrix with dimension equal to the number of the transmit antennas, wherein a row of the codeword matrix represents combined signals transmitted by each transmit antenna and a column of the codeword matrix represents timeslots of the number of the transmit antennas. Signals are transmitted through the rows of the number of spatial multiplexing rate, in each column of the matrix. Further, the symbols of the number of the transmit antennas are combined by way of utilizing complex weights, in each row of the matrix. With this space-time code, a delay is minimized, so that change of channels can be managed efficiently. Also, the space-time code has minimum number of data symbols, and thus its complexity is minimized | Kwon DongSeung (Daejeon, KR), Oh Seong Keun (Daejeon, KR), Lee Moon Il (Daejeon, KR), Lee Seung Joon (Daejeon, KR), Oh Jong-Ee (Daejeon, KR) | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Daejeon, KR) | 30.12.2008 | 03.04.2012 | H04L1/02 | 12/346148 |
| 11 | 8102298 | Ultra-wideband radar waveform calibration for measurements of a heterogeneous material | Embodiments of the disclosed technology comprise a ground penetrating radio device and methods of use for obtaining greater resolution. This is achieved by measuring the composition/reflection off a homogeneous material (e.g., metal plate), determining coefficients to correct the idealized reference signal, and then using these coefficients in a digital filter to correct measurements/a reflection off a heterogeneous material, such as a road surface. In this manner, the composition of the heterogeneous material is determined with greater accuracy | Feigin Jeffrey R (Andover, MA), Schutz Alan E (Newburyport, MA) | Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (Salem, NH) | 10.06.2011 | 24.01.2012 | G01S13/00 | 13/157795 |
| 12 | 8055269 | Time constrained signal MIMO wireless and wired communication method | A method and system for receiving and processing in a wireless device a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device generated signal and a sensor generated signal. Receiving and processing a data signal into a processed ultra narrowband (UNB) and a processed ultra wideband (UWB) signal and providing processed UNB and UWB signal to a selector for selection of UNB or UWB signal and for providing selected UNB or UWB signal to a transmitter for transmission. A transmitter and receiver having a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system. Processing a signal into a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Constrained Signal (TCS) waveform shaped and Long Response (LR) filtered signal. Receiving and processing a Fiber Optic Communication (FOC) network provided signal and processing a UNB processed signal into a processed spread spectrum signal. Processing and modulating a UNB signal into a missing cycle (MCY) processed modulated signal and into a phase reversal keying (PRK) modulated signal. Processing a signal into a clock shaped signal and processing and modulating a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) processed signal into a processed UNB phase reversal keying (PRK) modulated signal and an infrared (IR) signal processor for receiving and processing an IR generated signal used in wireless device | Feher Kamilo (El Macero, CA), Family ID | --- | 03.02.2011 | 08.11.2011 | H04W72/00, H04B1/38, H04M11/04 | 13/020513 |
| 13 | 7982657 | Ultra-wideband radar waveform calibration for measurements of a heterogeneous material | Embodiments of the disclosed technology comprise a ground penetrating radio device and methods of use for obtaining greater resolution. This is achieved by measuring the composition/reflection off a homogeneous material (e.g., metal plate), determining coefficients to correct the idealized reference signal, and then using these coefficients in a digital filter to correct measurements/a reflection off a heterogeneous material, such as a road surface. In this manner, the composition of the heterogeneous material is determined with greater accuracy | Feigin Jeffrey R (Andover, MA), Schutz Alan E (Newburyport, MA) | Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (Salem, NH) | 17.11.2009 | 19.07.2011 | G01S13/00 | 12/620036 |
| 14 | 7936300 | Method for reducing multipath propagation effects during the processing of replies in mode S"" | The processing method according to the invention is a method of processing replies from targets interrogated by a surveillance radar according to a mode S interrogation of all the targets present in the receiving lobe of the radar, whereby the different targets present in the receiving lobe of the radar are interrogated at least once, the set of the mode S reply signals received for this lobe are collected after each interrogation, a reply detection processing operation is performed for each target and errors are detected and, if necessary, corrected then the corresponding blips are extracted, and this method is characterized in that said signal quality detection and determination processing operation consists in forming a synthetic message with the set of replies to each interrogation for each target, establishing, for each bit of the message, the value and the quality of this bit and performing the error detection and correction using this synthetic message, and the three variables .SIGMA., .DELTA. and monopulse of all the failed replies from the same target are exploited to construct the synthetic message. This processing operation is useful in highly polluted electromagnetic environments where the existing methods are inadequate:the same target may be asked the question again for reasons other than a reply failure | Billaud Philippe Jean (Fontenay Aux Roses, FR) | Thales (Neuilly-sur-Seine, FR) | 05.12.2007 | 03.05.2011 | G01S13/76 | 12/518770 |
| 15 | 7903753 | Structured space-time code achieving the full diversity and full rate and generating method thereof, and multi-input multi-output system | A space-time code used for a transmitter to transmit a plurality of data symbols to a receiver in a MIMO system, the space-time code including a code word matrix for transmitting an amount of data symbols corresponding to a product of the number of transmit antennas and a spatial multiplexing rate during one block period, wherein a row index indicates combined signals transmitted through different transmit antennas and a column index indicates time slots that correspond to the number of transmit antennas, and wherein the number of data symbols allocated to each transmit antenna in a code block corresponds to the spatial multiplexing rate, and the data symbols are combined by different combining coefficients for each transmit antenna at every time slot, and simultaneously transmitted through different transmit antennas, and each transmit antenna transmits a different set of data symbols at every time slot | Lee Seung-Joon (Daejoen, KR), Yeh Choong-Il (Daejoen, KR), Kwon Dong-Seung (Daejeon, KR), Hwang Seung-Ku (Seoul, KR), Lim Hyoung-Soo (Daejeon, KR), Choi In-Kyeong (Daejoen, KR), Oh Jong-Ee (Daejeon, KR), Lim Kwang-Jae (Daejeon, KR), Kim Seong-Rag (Daejeon, KR), Song Young-Seog (Daejeon, KR), Lee Yu-Ro (Daejoen, KR), Oh Seong-Keun (Suwon-si, KR), Lee Moon-Il (Yongin-si, KR) | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Daejeon, KR) | 28.02.2005 | 08.03.2011 | H04B7/02 | 11/574725 |
| 16 | 7899138 | Method of detecting space-time code in mobile communication system with 4 Tx antenna | The present invention relates to a method of detecting a space-time code in a mobile communication system. When detecting a space-time code B for a plurality of transmitting antennas, an ML (maximum likelihood) metric, which is generally calculated by using a specific structure of a matrix B, is defined as a new ML metric by reducing a variable of the ML metric. Two dependent sphere decoding processes are performed and an intersection of the decoding results is calculated, and a signal is detected from the ML metric. Therefore, since detection of the space-time code B for the plurality of transmitting antennas is performed by using the newly defined ML metric, an amount of matrix calculated can be reduced, and a calculation amount can be reduced by performing the two dependent sphere changed according to a channel situation, it is possible to improve the performance of the system | Bang Young-Jo (Daejeon, KR), Yu Chang-Wahn (Daejeon, KR), Bahng Seung-Jae (Daejeon, KR), Kim Dae-Ho (Daejeon, KR), Park Youn-Ok (Daejeon, KR), Ahn Jee-Hwan (Daejeon, KR), Kim II Min (Suwon-si, KR) | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd (Suwon-si, KR) | 30.10.2007 | 01.03.2011 | H04L27/06, H03D1/00 | 11/930013 |
| 17 | 7885288 | Method and system for channel estimation in a single channel (SC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system comprising two-transmit (2-TX) and multiple-receive (M-RX) antennas for WCDMA/HSDPA) | In a wireless system, a method and system for channel estimation in a single channel MIMO system comprising two-transmit and multiple-receive antennas for WCDMA/HSDPA are provided. A first receive antenna and at least one additional receive antenna may receive a plurality of SC communication signals transmitted from a first and an additional transmit antennas. Estimates of the propagation channels between transmit and receive antennas may be performed concurrently and may be determined from a baseband combined channel estimate. The integration time may be based on channel estimation accuracy and wireless modem performance. The signals received in the additional receive antennas may be multiplied by a rotation waveform to achieve channel orthogonality. The rotation waveform's amplitude and phase components may be modified based on the channel estimates. Rotation of the received signals in the additional receive antennas may be continuous or periodic | Kent Mark (Vista, CA), Erceg Vinko (Cardiff, CA), Landau Uri M (San Diego, CA), van Rooyen Pieter G.W. (San Diego, CA), Roux Pieter (San Diego, CA) | Broadcom Corporation (Irvine, CA) | 24.12.2008 | 08.02.2011 | H04J3/00, H04B7/0848, H04L25/0204, H04L25/0212, H04B7/0634, H04L1/0003, H04L1/1845 | 12/343955 |
| 18 | 7804445 | Method and apparatus for determination of range and direction for a multiple tone phased array radar in a multipath environment | A system and method combine multiple data streams in an efficient and optimal manner, based on new techniques, to determine range, relative angle and velocity with respect to a point of reference. Embodiments of the present invention take advantage of the multiple data streams to provide improved performance when the data is contaminated with environmental and system noise. Embodiments of the present invention may be applied to data output from different target estimation systems, including radar, sonar, ultrasonic and laser systems. In addition, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in systems with multiple tones and multiple antennas, and generally work in multipath environments | Fiore Paul D. (Chelmsford, MA) | BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc. (Nashua, NH) | 02.03.2006 | 28.09.2010 | G01S13/42 | 11/366141 |
| 19 | 7769077 | Diversity transmitter-receiver in CDMA system using space-time code, and method thereof | A diversity transmitting/receiving apparatus and method is provided, which is implemented using space-time trellis codes (STTC) constructed from a Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence set in a Direct Sequence (DS) CDMA system. The transmitter comprises a PN sequence generator, a space-time encoder, first and second modulators, and first and second multiple transmit antennas. The space-time encoder selects two of the multiple PN sequences to construct STTC, and space-time encodes data from a data source according to the STTC to output an Wary data symbol. The two modulators modulate the space-time encoded data according to the STTC. The two multiple transmit antennas wirelessly transmit outputs of the two modulators, respectively. By applying a method using space-time coding in a DS CDMA system including multiple transmit antennas, it is possible to achieve both diversity and additional coding gain and also to reduce multiple user interference by increasing the PN sequence length | Bai Dong-Woon (Daejeon, KR), Lee Woo-Yong (Dae-jeon, KR), Oh Hyun-Seo (Dae-jeon, KR) | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Daejeon, KR) | 21.12.2004 | 03.08.2010 | H04B1/00 | 10/593011 |
| 20 | 7646830 | Complex maximum likelihood range estimator in a multipath environment | In ranging systems such as GPS, radar, and the like, accuracy of the ranging information recovered depends on the phase linearity of the ranging receiver, generally implemented as a superheterodyne radio. Superheterodyne radios use bandpass filters in their Intermediate Frequency (IF) amplifiers to accomplish suppression of adjacent channel signal interference. Depending on the ratio of IF center-frequency to signal-bandwidth, such filters evidence phase non-linearity affecting the signal group delay response. This generally manifests in coupling of the in-phase and quadrature detected signals during signal modulation changes in state. If this effect is ignored, reduced accuracy in the recovery of ranging information can be expected. One solution is to incorporate in the ranging receiver a phase non-linearity compensation structure, but this has an adverse economic impact. On study, it has been determined that real-time Maximum Likelihood estimates of signal parameters in a multipath environment is both tractable and efficacious. The subject of this invention is means to obtain Maximum Likelihood estimates of the amplitude, carrier phase, and delay parameters of the direct and secondary path signals arising in a multipath environment when the receiver signal modulation is complex-valued, an appropriate signal model when phase non-linearity is operating. An algorithmic solution to the problem of ranging receiver induced phase non-linearity is a preferred solution, since there is little to no economic impact | Weill Lawrence R. (Seal Beach, CA) | --- | 26.08.2005 | 12.01.2010 | H04L27/06 | 11/211876 |
| 21 | 7515093 | Active antenna radar system | A radar system comprising a transmit antenna, a receive antenna and a mixer for combining a signal received by said receive antenna with a reference signal to produce an output signal. The transmit antenna includes an active antenna oscillator, the reference signal being derived from the active antenna oscillator. The active antenna oscillator is turned on and off by a pulse modulated biasing signal to produce a pulse modulated RF signal. The reference signal is delayed before being supplied to the mixer, the output of the mixer being used to determine when a detected object is a pre-determined distance from the system | Humphrey Denver (Ballymena, GB) | TDK Corporation (Tokyo, JP) | 24.03.2005 | 07.04.2009 | G01S13/56, G01S7/03 | 11/088178 |
| 22 | 7486745 | Method for improving multipath mitigator low path separation error behavior | A process is disclosed for discriminating between received ranging signals, such as GPS, GNSS, and radar signals, which arrive via a single path and those which arrive via multiple paths. The number of paths is also estimated. This is accomplished by comparing the residual for an to the number of signal paths for which the estimator is optimal, to a discriminant determined either analytically or empirically and deciding that i distinct signal path components are present in the observation of useful in obtaining an appropriate signal model for model-based estimation methods | Fisher Benjamin (Orange, CA), Weill Lawrence (Seal Beach, CA) | --- | 20.06.2005 | 03.02.2009 | H03K9/00 | 11/158137 |
| 23 | 7471694 | Method and system for channel estimation in a single channel (SC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system comprising two-transmit (2-Tx) and multiple-receive (M-RX) antennas for WCDMA/HSDPA | In a wireless system, a method and system for channel estimation in a single channel MIMO system comprising two-transmit and multiple-receive antennas for WCDMA/HSDPA are provided. A first receive antenna and at least one additional receive antenna may receive a plurality of SC communication signals transmitted from a first and an additional transmit antennas. Estimates of the propagation channels between transmit and receive antennas may be performed concurrently and may be determined from a baseband combined channel estimate. The integration time may be based on channel estimation accuracy and wireless modem performance. The signals received in the additional receive antennas may be multiplied by a rotation waveform to achieve channel orthogonality. The rotation waveform's amplitude and phase components may be modified based on the channel estimates. Rotation of the received signals in the additional receive antennas may be continuous or periodic | Kent Mark (Vista, CA), Erceg Vinko (Cardiff, CA), Landau Uri M. (San Diego, CA), van Rooyen Pieter G. W. (San Diego, CA), Roux Pieter (San Diego, CA) | Broadcom Corporation (Irvine, CA) | 30.06.2005 | 30.12.2008 | H04J15/00, H04B7/0848, H04L25/0204, H04L25/0212, H04B7/0634, H04L1/0003, H04L1/1845 | 11/173252 |
| 24 | 7457369 | Scalable gain training generator, method of gain training and MIMO communication system employing the generator and method | The present invention provides a gain training generator for use with a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) transmitter employing N transmit antennas where N is at least two. In one embodiment, the gain training generator includes a fundamental training encoder configured to provide a basic gain training sequence to one of the N transmit antennas during a time interval to produce a basic gain training waveform having a basic peak-to-average ratio (PAR). Additionally, the gain training generator also includes a supplemental training encoder coupled to the fundamental training encoder and configured to further provide (N-1) supplemental gain training sequences to (N-1) remaining transmit antennas, respectively, during the time interval to produce supplemental gain training waveforms wherein each has a supplemental PAR substantially equal to the basic PAR | Magee David P. (Plano, TX), DiRenzo Michael T. (Coppell, TX), Goel Manish (Plano, TX) | Texas Instruments Incorporated (Dallas, TX) | 04.01.2005 | 25.11.2008 | H04B7/02, H04B7/0697 | 11/028829 |
| 25 | 7436351 | Multipath resolving correlation interferometer direction finding | Apparatus and a method utilizing correlation interferometer direction finding for determining the azimuth and elevation to an aircraft at long range and flying at low altitudes above water with a transmitting radar while resolving multipath signals. The signals from the radar are received both directly and reflected from the surface of the water using horizontally polarized and vertically polarized antenna arrays, are digitized and are stored in separate covariant matrices. Eigenvalues for the eigenvectors of the matrices processed on signal samples recorded on horizontally polarized X arrays are compared to the eigenvalues for the eigenvectors of the covariance matrices processed on signal samples recorded on vertically polarized X arrays. Incident field polarization is associated with the antenna array measurements that yield the strongest eigenvalue. The eigenvector and eigenvalues for the strongest signal are selected and used for subsequent signal processing. An initial global search assuming mirror sea-state reflection conditions using the signal eigenvector having the strongest eigenvalue is performed to yield an approximate elevation .alpha. and azimuth .beta. to the aircraft. The approximate values are then used as the starting point for a subsequent conjugate gradient search to determine accurate elevation .alpha. and azimuth .beta. to the aircraft | Struckman Keith A. (Grand Junction, CO), Martel Robert T. (Auburn, NH) | BAE Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. (Nashua, NH) | 16.02.2008 | 14.10.2008 | G01S13/72, G01S7/40 | 12/070192 |
| 26 | 7358891 | Multipath resolving correlation interferometer direction finding | Apparatus and a method utilizing correlation interferometer direction finding for determining the azimuth and elevation to an aircraft at long range and flying at low altitudes above water with a transmitting radar while resolving multipath signals. The signals from the radar are received both directly and reflected from the surface of the water using horizontally polarized and vertically polarized antenna arrays, are digitized and are stored in separate covariant matrices. Eigenvalues for the eigenvectors of the matrices processed on signal samples recorded on horizontally polarized X arrays are compared to the eigenvalues for the eigenvectors of the covariance matrices processed on signal samples recorded on vertically polarized X arrays. Incident field polarization is associated with the antenna array measurements that yield the strongest eigenvalue. The eigenvector and eigenvalues for the strongest signal are selected and used for subsequent signal processing. An initial global search assuming mirror sea-state reflection conditions using the signal eigenvector having the strongest eigenvalue is performed to yield an approximate elevation .alpha. and azimuth .beta. to the aircraft. The approximate values are then used as the starting point for a subsequent conjugate gradient search to determine accurate elevation .alpha. and azimuth .beta. to the aircraft | Struckman Keith A. (Grand Junction, CO), Martel Robert T. (Auburn, NH) | BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc. (Nashua, NH) | 27.05.2006 | 15.04.2008 | G01S13/72, G01S7/40 | 11/442491 |
| 27 | 7327307 | Radar system with adaptive waveform processing and methods for adaptively controlling the shape of a radar ambiguity function | An adaptive waveform radar system transmits a selected waveform of a family of related waveforms and either phase shifts or bit shifts the radar return signal for correlating with the other waveforms of the family. In some embodiments, phase shifting may be performed to null an unwanted target or clutter, while bit shifting may be performed to enhance a desired target, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the bits of the return signal may be either phase shifted or bit shifted to match a bit of each one of the other waveforms of the family prior to correlation | Adams Vinh (Tucson, AZ), Dwelly Wesley (Tucson, AZ) | Raytheon Company (Waltham, MA) | 07.07.2005 | 05.02.2008 | G01S7/292, G01S13/00, G01S7/35, G01S7/352, G01S13/325, G01S13/536, G01S13/66 | 11/176020 |
| 28 | 7304314 | Quantum cross-ambiguity function generator | A cross-ambiguity function generator (CAF") uses properties of quantum mechanics for computation purposes. The CAF has advantages over standard analog or digital CAF function generators, such as improved bandwidth. The CAF may be used for traditional geolocation or RADAR applications" | Zaugg Thomas C. (Ypsilanti, MI) | General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems Inc. (Fairfax, VA) | 26.11.2004 | 04.12.2007 | G01J9/00, G01J1/42, G01J1/58, H04B10/30 | 10/996462 |
| 29 | 6946839 | Magnetic resonance imaging method and apparatus with spatial coding using readout segmentation | In a method and apparatus for magnet resonance imaging, and RF excitation pulse is emitted for the excitation of spins in an object to be examined and simultaneously a slice-selection gradient is activated during the RF excitation pulse, a pulse series of refocusing pulses is emitted, a slice-selection gradient pulse is activated during each refocusing pulse, and alternating readout gradient pulse series are activated, each series being in the pulse between two refocusing pulses, with a de-phasing pulse being activated immediately before each readout gradient pulse series and a re-phasing pulse being activated immediately after the each readout gradient pulse series such that a corresponding offset is produced in the readout direction so that each readout gradient pulse series scans a part of the k-matrix in the k.sub.x direction in a serpentine-like manner, with the serpentine-like scanning of each partial section being implemented by activating short phase-coding gradient pulses during each zero point of the corresponding readout-gradient pulse series | Porter David Andrew (Poxdorf, DE) | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (Munich, DE) | 23.04.2004 | 20.09.2005 | G01R33/561, G01R33/54, G01V003/00 | 10/830511 |
| 30 | 6917712 | Encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus | An encoding apparatus includes a quantized spectral sequence generation section for generating a quantized spectral sequence by quantizing an audio signal with a predetermined quantization precision, and a circulating code vector quantization section for outputting a spectral sequence code containing circulating position identification information indicating how much a reference spectral sequence is circulated to obtain a circulant quantized spectral sequence which is most similar to the quantized spectral sequence | Tsushima Mineo (Osaka, JP), Norimatsu Takeshi (Hyogo, JP), Miyasaka Shuji (Osaka, JP), Ishikawa Tomokazu (Osaka, JP), Sawada Yoshiaki (Osaka, JP) | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (Osaka, JP) | 12.09.2001 | 12.07.2005 | G10L19/00, G10L19/14, G10L19/02, G06K009/36, G10L19/02, G10L19/0208, G10L19/18 | 09/952757 |
| 31 | 6842494 | Apparatus, and associated method, for forming a systematic, recursive, space-time code | Apparatus, and an associated method, for encoding digital data to be communicated by a sending station, such as a base transceiver station of a cellular communication system. Space-time diversity is provided pursuant to the encoding, thereby to facilitate communication of data upon communication channels susceptible to fading conditions. A systematic and recursive space-time coder includes a coset selecting coder for forming coset addressing values used in connection to a multi-dimensional constellation. The coset addressing values are used by a signal entity selector to select a multi-dimensional constellation entity | Ionescu Dumitru Mihai (Dallas, TX) | Nokia Corporation (Espoo, FI) | 31.08.2001 | 11.01.2005 | H04B7/04, H04L1/02, H04B7/06, H04L1/06, H04L1/00, H04L027/00 | 09/945010 |
| 32 | 6816557 | Non-zero complex weighted space-time code for multiple antenna transmission | The present invention presents a method and apparatus for phase hopping and space-time coding signals for transmission on multiple antennas. The method and apparatus provides expansion of a N.times.N' space time block code to a M.times.M' space time block code, where M>:N, by using phase hopping on the symbols within the N.times.N' space time block code to allow transmission of the space time block code on a number of diversity antennas greater than N'. A result of M antenna diversity may be achieved for M transmit antennas | Kuchi Kiran (Irving, TX), Hottinen Ari (Espoo, FI), Tirkkonen Olav (Helsinki, FI), Kuusela Markku (Helsinki, FI), Kaipainen Yrjo (Espoo, FI) | Nokia Mobile Phones, Ltd. (Espoo, FI) | 20.02.2002 | 09.11.2004 | H04B7/04, H04L1/02, H04B7/06, H04L1/06, H04L027/04 | 10/078840 |
| 33 | 6748024 | Non-zero complex weighted space-time code for multiple antenna transmission | The present invention presents a method and apparatus for phase hopping and space-time coding signals for transmission on multiple antennas. The method and apparatus provides expansion of a N.times.N' space time block code to a M.times.M' space time block code, where M>:N, by using phase hopping on the symbols within the N.times.N' space time block code to allow transmission of the space time block code on a number of diversity antennas greater than N'. A result of M antenna diversity may be achieved for M transmit antennas | Kuchi Kiran (Irving, TX), Hottinen Ari (Espoo, FI), Tirkkonen Olav (Helsinki, FI) | Nokia Corporation (Espoo, FI) | 28.03.2001 | 08.06.2004 | H04B7/04, H04L1/02, H04L1/06, H04B7/06, H04L027/04 | 09/819573 |
| 34 | 6693973 | Apparatus, and associated method, for forming a systematic, recursive, space-time code | Apparatus, and an associated method, for encoding digital data to be communicated by a sending station, such as a base transceiver station of a cellular communication system. Space-time diversity is provided pursuant to the encoding, thereby to facilitate communication of data upon communication channels susceptible to fading conditions. Systematic and recursive encoders are configured to permit concatenation of multiple encoded data in such a way as to comply with an equal eigenvalue condition | Ionescu Dumitru Mihai (Dallas, TX) | Nokia Corporation (Espoo, FI) | 17.10.2001 | 17.02.2004 | H04L1/02, H04L1/06, H04L27/34, H04L1/00, H04L027/20 | 09/982379 |
| 35 | 6583753 | Vehicle back-up and parking aid radar system | An improved vehicle radar system and control aids the vehicle driver during both parking and back-up maneuvers. The radar system is equipped with both long range and short range radar detection antennas, an RF switch for selecting the active antenna, and a range bin having a depth that is adjustable on the fly". The back-up aid function is provided by activating the RF switch to select the long range antenna and setting the range bin to a relatively large depth to cover the long range in a short time. The parking aid function is provided by activating the RF switch to select the short range antenna, and setting the range bin to a relatively short depth to achieve high close range accuracy" | Reed John Christopher (Port Hueneme, CA) | Delphi Technologies, Inc. (Troy, MI) | 03.04.2002 | 24.06.2003 | G01S13/00, G01S13/93, G01S13/32, G01S13/87, G01S7/288, G01S7/285, G01S013/93, G01S13/325, G01S13/931, B60T2201/10, G01S13/87, G01S2007/2886, G01S2013/9314, G01S2013/9317 | 10/115770 |
| 36 | 6542556 | Space-time code for multiple antenna transmission | A method and apparatus for space-time coding signals for transmission on multiple antennas. A received input symbol stream is transformed using a predefined transform and transmitted on a first set of N antennas. The same input symbol stream is then offset by M symbol periods to generate an offset input symbol stream. The offset input symbol stream is then transformed using the predefined transform and transmitted on a second set of N antennas. A third through X.sup.th set of N antennas may be utilized for transmission by successively offsetting the offset input symbol stream by an additional M symbol periods for each additional set of N antennas used, before performing the transform and transmitting on the additional set of N antennas | Kuchi Kiran (Irving, TX), Hamalainen Jyri K. (Oulu, FI) | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. (Espoo, FI) | 31.03.2000 | 01.04.2003 | H04L1/02, H04L1/06, H04B007/06, H04J011/00 | 09/539819 |
| 37 | 6016473 | Low bit-rate spatial coding method and system | A spatial audio coding system, including an encoder and a decoder, operates at very low bit-rates and is useful for audio via the Internet. The listener or listeners preferably are located within a predictable listening area, for example, users of a personal computer or television viewers. An encoder produces a composite audio-information signal representing the soundfield to be reproduced and a directional vector or steering control signal." The composite audio-information signal has its frequency spectrum broken into a number of subbands, preferably commensurate with the critical bands of the human ear. The steering control signal has a component relating to the dominant direction of the soundfield in each of the subbands. Because the system is based on the premise that only sound from a single direction is heard at any instant, the decoder need not apply a signal to more than two sound transducers at any instant" | Dolby Ray M. (San Francisco, CA) | --- | 07.04.1998 | 18.01.2000 | H04B1/66, H04S1/00, H04S3/00, G10L003/02 | 09/056503 |
| 38 | 5877721 | Apparatus and method for mitigating multipath | An apparatus and method for discriminating between false images created by multipath and an aircraft of interest in an air traffic control environment by maintaining a three-dimensional database in the area of interest of the air traffic control environment, the three-dimensional database including a position of a radar radiation source, three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of fixed reflectors and three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of non-fixed reflectors: receiving return radar radiation from an unknown object: classifying the unknown object as an aircraft of interest if the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns: and classifying the unknown object by searching for a plurality of candidate reflectors and if a sum of the distances between the plurality of candidate reflectors is approximately equal to a distance between the unknown object and the radar radiation source, classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath | Tsang Shiu Ming (College Point, NY), Salvatore, Jr. Gerald P. (Northport, NY) | Northrop Grumman Corporation (Los Angeles, CA) | 20.02.1998 | 02.03.1999 | G01S7/292, G01S13/72, G01S13/00, G01S13/91, G01S013/91 | --- |
| 39 | 5861834 | Virtual noise radar waveform for reduced radar detectability | Apparatus (10) for generating a radar waveform (W). A noise generator (20) generates a series of pulses in a pseudo-random pattern, and a frequency generator (16) generates a carrier wave having a frequency within a predetermined band of frequencies. The carrier wave is modulated with the pseudo-random pattern of pulses, and the resulting modulated carrier wave passed through both a filter (30) and an attenuator (32) to suppress any discernible feature or signal characteristics of the resulting waveform. The modulated carrier is transmitted by an antenna (42) and a received return signal is processed by a signal processor (100) to obtain pertinent information about a target. The transmitted waveform has no discernible attributes by which the waveform, if processed and analyzed by someone else's radar detector (E) would convey any intelligence as to the presence or source of the transmitted waveform | Sauer Mark F. (St. Louis, MO), Kremer Larry R. (Florissant, MO), Ziegler John A. (St. Louis, MO) | ####MARKER####Esco Electronics Corporation | 14.02.1998 | 19.01.1999 | G01S13/00, G01S13/32, G01S13/22, G01S7/36, G01S7/285, G01S13/44, G01S13/02, G01S7/35, G01S7/28, G01S7/282, G01S7/02, G01S007/38 | --- |
| 40 | 5719579 | Virtual noise radar waveform for reduced radar detectability | Apparatus (10) for generating a radar waveform (W). A noise generator (20) generates a series of pulses in a pseudo-random pattern, and a frequency generator (16) generates a carrier wave having a frequency within a predetermined band of frequencies. The carrier wave is modulated with the pseudo-random pattern of pulses, and the resulting modulated carrier wave passed through both a filter (30) and an attenuator (32) to suppress any discernible feature or signal characteristics of the resulting waveform. The modulated carrier is transmitted by an antenna (42) and a received return signal is processed by a signal processor (100) to obtain pertinent information about a target. The transmitted waveform has no discernible attributes by which the waveform, if processed and analyzed by someone else's radar detector (E) would convey any intelligence as to the presence or source of the transmitted waveform | Torre Frank M. (Smithtown, NY), Sauer Mark F. (St. Louis, MO), Kremer Larry R. (Florissant, MO), Ziegler John A. (St. Louis, MO), Agne Craig L. (Fairview Heights, IL) | ESCO Electronics Corporation (St. Louis, MO) | 30.05.1996 | 17.02.1998 | G01S13/32, G01S13/22, G01S13/00, G01S7/36, G01S13/44, G01S13/02, G01S7/35, G01S7/28, G01S7/282, G01S7/285, G01S7/02, G01S007/38 | 08/656863 |
| 41 | 5694131 | Method and apparatus for detecting multipath interference in a radar receiver | A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of multipath interference within a radar receiver disposed to form sum (.SIGMA.) and difference (.DELTA.) signals by time-sampling a target return signal is disclosed herein. In accordance with this method there is formed a sequence of complex conjugates (.SIGMA.) of the sum signals (.SIGMA.). Each of the .SIGMA.* signals is multiplied with an associated one of the .DELTA. signals so as to form a time-sampled sequence of .SIGMA.*.DELTA. signals. A power spectrum representation of the time-sampled sequence of signals .SIGMA.*.DELTA. is then generated, wherein the presence of selected spectral components within the .SIGMA.*.DELTA. power spectrum indicate the existence of multipath interference within the radar receiver. In a particular implementation the .SIGMA.*.DELTA. power spectrum representation is quickly and reliably determined by performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operation upon the time-sampled sequence of .SIGMA.*.DELTA. signals | Baggett Don W. (Orange, CA), Garcia Luis A. (San Gabriel, CA), Ling Magdalene (Los Angeles, CA) | Hughes Electronics (Los Angeles, CA) | 01.03.1996 | 02.12.1997 | G01S13/44, G01S13/00, G01S7/288, G01S7/285, G01S007/292 | 08/609403 |
| 42 | 5604503 | Multipath and co-channel signal preprocessor | A multipath signal preprocessor which permits coherent bistatic radar detection with a single omnidirectional antenna is provided. The multipath signal preprocessor separates multipath signals received at an antenna into a strong path signal and a weak path signal. The received multipath signal after filtering, amplifying, and heterodyning is separated into in-phase and quadrature signal components. A constant magnitude signal estimate having approximately the frequency and phase of the strong path signal from the multipath signal is generated. An estimate of the amplitude of the strong path signal is generated from the received multipath signal amplitude. The estimate of the amplitude of the strong path signal is multiplied by the constant magnitude signal estimate having approximately the frequency and phase of the strong path signal to obtain an estimate of the strong path signal. The estimate of the strong path signal is subtracted from the in-phase and quadrature signals to obtain difference signals which are estimates of the in-phase and quadrature components of the weak path signal. The estimates of the weak and strong path signals are supplied to a cross correlation processor to determine delay and doppler estimates | Fowler Mark L. (Ithaca, NY), Czarnecki Steven V. (Apalachin, NY) | Lockheed Martin Corporation (Bethesda, MD) | 27.03.1995 | 18.02.1997 | G01S13/00, G01S7/285, G01S003/16, G01S013/00 | 08/411026 |
| 43 | 5594451 | Processing method using an advanced radar waveform for simultaneous matched processing and range profiling of different size targets | A method of processing radar returns derived from a new radar waveform. The method processes radar returns derived from transmitting the radar waveform to provide simultaneous matched processing and range profiling of different size objects in the presence of clutter. In the present method, radar returns are digitized and processed to produce pulse compressed radar returns having a predetermined (169:1) pulse compression ratio. A pulse to pulse fast Fourier transform on each RF step is performed on the pulse compressed radar returns. The Fourier transformed radar returns are then simultaneously processed by three processing channels, one each for ships, boats and submarines to provide detection of the different size objects. The waveform permits concurrent detection, discrimination, and high resolution range imaging of detected objects within a single dwell, using a single waveform. Thus, a radar search mode using the waveform integrates several search functions without increasing search frame time | Krikorian Kapriel V. (Agoura, CA), Victor Arnold E. (Marina del Rey, CA) | Hughes Aircraft Company ( | 06.06.1995 | 14.01.1997 | G01S7/02, G01S13/00, G01S13/28, G01S7/41, G01S7/288, G01S7/285, G01S013/53 | 08/466553 |
| 44 | 5583512 | Optimal ambiguity function radar | This radar incorporates a single channel, two-dimensional correlator, providing simultaneous correlation in the range/doppler plane. In conventional radar processors, separate channels are used to measure range and doppler. Range track is normally established first and the range signal is then used to enable, or correlate with the doppler channel. In this invention, this correlation is performed simultaneously in a single channel and truly represents the combined ambiguity function, rather than an attempt to merge two separate ambiguity functions. A purely random sequence of binary bits (+1 and -1's) is used to control the phase of each segment in the transmitted signal (either pulse or CW) as opposed to systems using pseudo-random sequences generated by various means such as linear shift register generators. A digital random number generator is used to produce a set of purely random numbers which, when applied to a rule, generates a random sequence of binary bits, plus or minus 1's (.+-.1's), which is used to bi-phase modulate the carrier frequency. The rule used is:if n(i).gtoreq.0.5, then p=1: if n(i)<:0.5, then p=-1: and p=a random sequence of + or -1's (ones). The resulting phase modulated signal is amplified and sent to the transmit antenna | McEligot E. Lee (Newport Beach, CA) | Point Loma Industries, Inc. (San Diego, CA) | 06.06.1995 | 10.12.1996 | G01S13/32, G01S13/58, G01S13/00, G01S13/28, G01S7/28, G01S7/292, G01S007/292, G01S007/36, G01S13/288, G01S13/325, G01S13/587, G01S7/2813, G01S7/2921, G01S13/582, G01S13/584 | 08/468023 |
| 45 | 5568394 | Interferometry with multipath nulling | A processing method that processes interferometer data to provide for rejection of multipath signal returns from an emitter and computes an improved estimate of the relative angle between the emitter and an interferometer. The present processing method comprises the following steps. Interferometric data is gathered that comprises complex signal amplitudes derived from the emitter at a plurality of emitter angles relative to the interferometer. The complex signal amplitudes derived at each of the plurality of emitter angles are processed by maximizing a predetermined log likelihood function corresponding to a natural logarithm of a predetermined probability density function at each of the plurality of emitter angles to produce a plurality of maximized log likelihood functions. The improved estimate of relative angle between the emitter and the interferometer is made by selecting the emitter angle corresponding to an optimally maximized log likelihood function. The present method rejects multipath signal returns from an emitter and computes an improved estimate of the angle between the emitter and the interferometer. The present processing method may be employed to reject radome reflections in radars, particularly those employing antennas having a relatively low radar cross-section | Krikorian Kapriel V. (Agoura, CA), Rosen Robert A. (Agoura Hills, CA) | Hughes Aircraft Company (Los Angeles, CA) | 15.02.1995 | 22.10.1996 | G01S3/10, G01S3/46, G01S3/04, G01S3/14, G01S3/02, G06F017/10 | 08/388947 |
| 46 | 5528244 | Processing for mode S signals suffering multipath distortion | A communication system for receiving aircraft reply squits (transmissions) normally used in a radar beacon system for surveilling aircraft in a given geographic area. The communication system includes a plurality of omnidirectional receivers, each receiver having a function of omnidirectionally receiving the aircraft squits and developing therefrom two types of information strings, namely a data string, indicative of a message in the aircraft squit, and a corresponding confidence string indicative of the reliability of the developed data string. A data communication link transmits the data and confidence strings between the plurality of omnidirectional receivers and the master data processor. The master data processor processes the data strings and corresponding confidence strings developed by each of the plurality of omnidirectional receivers by performing a bit-by-bit comparison of the received data strings and corresponding confidence strings, so as to develop by the comparison a corrected data string which minimizes the use of data bits from the data strings received over the data communication link that are indicated by the corresponding confidence strings as having a low reliability | Schwab Carl E. (Huntington Station, NY) | Cardion, Inc. (Woodbury, NY) | 31.03.1995 | 18.06.1996 | G01S13/00, G01S13/76, G01S7/02, G01S7/42, G01S7/00, G01S13/78, G01S13/87, G01S7/40, H04B7/08, G01S013/93 | 08/414675 |
| 47 | 5270718 | Method and apparatus for tracking targets from direct and multipath reflected radar signals | A method and apparatus to determine angles .theta..sub.1 and .theta..sub.2 between paths of two sets of reflected radar waves and a radar boresight utilizes the electrical angles .beta..sub.1 or .beta..sub.2 and two successive radar target observations. One set of radar waves may travel a path from a target and the second set may travel a multipath from the same target. Alternatively, the two sets of radar waves may follow direct paths from two targets. For coherent radar hardware, signals from two halves of an array are processed through a linear coherent receiver, analog-to-digital converter and processing unit with associated memory. The memory contains a database and program which calculates the electrical angles .beta..sub.1 and .beta..sub.2 and angles .theta..sub.1, and .theta..sub.2. For non-coherent radar hardware, mixers, a phase detector and two magnitude detectors are substituted for the linear coherent receiver | DiDomizio Richard (Sandy Hook, CT) | Technology Service Corporation (Silver Spring, MD) | 21.08.1992 | 14.12.1993 | G01S13/00, G01S13/44, G01S013/44, G01S013/48, G01S013/66 | 07/933264 |
| 48 | 5241317 | Method and apparatus for determining target elevation angle, altitude and range and the like in a monopulse radar system with reduced multipath errors | The present invention relates to a method and system for determining target elevation angle, altitude and range and the like in a monopulse radar system with reduced multipath errors. A transmitter/receiver unit receives monopulse sum and difference signals caused by echoes from targets. The sum and difference signals are then logarithmically-amplified in a logarithmic amplifier unit. A selector selects one of the sum and difference signals having the largest amplitude, and generates a selection signal indicating which of the sum and difference signals has the largest amplitude. The selection signal is provided to a search radar target tracking unit which determines whether a target at a given range interval and azimuth interval, for example, has been selected for tracking by an operator. The search radar target tracking unit then controls a gate unit to selectively provide either the logarithmically-amplified sum signal or the logarithmically-amplified difference signal to a peak detection unit based on the selection signal, and based on whether a particular target has been selected for tracking. The peak detection unit determines peak value(s) in the logarithmically-amplified sum and difference signals provided by the gate unit. A target elevation angle/altitude calculation unit uses the peak value(s) to determine target elevation angle or altitude values, or average target elevation angle or altitude values. Such values may be displayed on a CRT for in correspondence with the selected target(s) | Howard Dean D. (La Plata, MD) | The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC) | 29.05.1992 | 31.08.1993 | G01S13/00, G01S13/44, G01S013/44 | 07/889806 |
| 49 | 5134416 | Scanning antenna having multipath resistance | The object of this invention is to reduce the adverse system performance effects resulting from antenna pattern sidelobes. It has particular application to the time reference scanning beam of the international microwave landing system (MLS) where sidelobe energy reflecting into the mainbeam at the receiver antenna introduces a timing measurement error. It also has application to systems such as height finding radar where signals entering through antenna pattern sidelobes degrade system performance. This invention describes methods and apparatus for system performance enhancement through the application of sidelobe amplitude and phase control | Cafarelli Nicholas J. (Springfield, MA), Adams Glen D. (Chantilly, VA) | --- | 08.01.1990 | 28.07.1992 | G01S1/02, G01S1/00, G01S1/56, H01Q3/26, H01Q003/22, H01Q003/24, H01Q003/26 | 07/461734 |
| 50 | 5115246 | Radar target locating and tracking apparatus using a dual-interleaved pulse train radar waveform | A radar target locating and tracking apparatus utilizing a data processor unit to process a dual-interleaved pulse train radar waveform to provide unambiguous target location. The data processor utilizes coarse range, fine range and Doppler signals which are derived from the transmitted non-ideal waveform to resolve ambiguities in target location | Thomas, Jr. Daniel D. (Liverpool, NY), Hadley Hugh W. (Skaneateles, NY), Len Joseph J. (Skaneateles, NY) | The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air (Washington, DC) | 27.02.1991 | 19.05.1992 | G01S13/00, G01S13/72, G01S13/22, G01S13/53, G01S013/12 | 07/661767 |
| 51 | 5047784 | Zero cross-correlation complementary radar waveform signal processor for ambiguous range radars | A method and apparatus exploiting the discovery that the crosscorrelation of constantly spaced rows of the matrices representing certain pulse codes sum to zero. In a ranging system, such as a radar, pulses are coded according to the rows of a such a matrix, transmitted sequentially and each return processed sequentially through a filter matched to one of the coded pulses. (A different preselected filter is used for each return.) The sequence of filters is chosen so that for returns for a given range interval, each filter is matched to the returning pulse, resulting in outputs from the filters representing auto-correlations of the returned pulses. These outputs are time delayed added coherently to form the compressed pulse, and annunciated as a target hit. Should the filters and returns be mismatched, as with ambiguous stationary clutter returns, the outputs of the filters are cross-correlations which, according to said discovery, sum to zero. Thus the invention operates to remove ambiguous range clutter from returns in such a ranging system | Gerlach Karl R. (Dunkirk, MD), Kretschmer, Jr. Frank F. (Sarasota, FL) | The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC) | 30.01.1991 | 10.09.1991 | G01S13/28, G01S13/00, G01S013/30 | 07/647946 |
| 52 | 4951060 | Dual frequency transmit-receive module for an active aperture radar system | An improved, dual frequency transmit-receive module operable for use with two harmonically related frequencies. This dual frequency transmit-receive module utilizing: a push-pull class B power amplifier having dual output ports, a standard frequency mixer and a harmonic mixer, is operable to transmit or receive an original frequency as well as a second harmonic of that same frequency, simultaneously or at distinct, discrete intervals. This improved dual frequency transmit-receive module is operable in any radar system, using only one, or a multiplicity of antennas. However, this transmit-receive module has specific application to active aperture radar systems utilizing one antenna means for each individual transmit-receive module in an active antenna array | Cohn Marvin (Baltimore, MD) | Westinghouse Electric Corp. (Pittsburgh, PA) | 21.09.1988 | 21.08.1990 | H01Q21/00, H01Q003/26, H01Q21/0025 | 07/247222 |
| 53 | 4595925 | Altitude determining radar using multipath discrimination | A height-determining radar utilizing both direct and multipath signals coising a radar transmitter and receiver and means for measuring the variation of the pulse widths of the received radar signal, the variation being caused by fluctuating multipath contribution to the received signal, and further comprising means for calculating the target height h from the equation h=cR.tau..sub.B /4e, where c is the speed of light, R is the target range, .tau..sub.B is the pulse width variation and e is the radar height. The multipath variation may be enhanced by varying the linear polarization of the emitted radar signal | Hansen James P. (Fairfax, VA) | The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC) | 28.03.1983 | 17.06.1986 | G01S13/00, G01S13/46, G01S013/08 | 06/479583 |
| 54 | 4474438 | Space variant linear phase shifter for optical ambiguity function generator | This invention provides a simple and easily manufacturable lens apparatus, a space variant phase shifter, which is one of the key components in an optical ambiguity function generator. The improved lens apparatus is a combination of conventional optics comprising a cylindrical lens and a spherical lens in which the spherical lens is of opposite sign than the cylindrical lens and of one half the power | Rebholz Joseph J. (Burnsville, MN), Tamura Poohsan N. (Bloomington, MN) | Honeywell Inc. (Minneapolis, MN) | 14.10.1983 | 02.10.1984 | G01S11/10, G01S11/00, G06E3/00, G02B005/18, G01S11/10, G06E3/005 | 06/542308 |
| 55 | 4449127 | System and method for tracking targets in a multipath environment | A method and apparatus is described for determining the presence of multipath conditions when tracking a target with a radar wherein the radar includes apparatus for transmitting signals and receiving target reflected signals along two boresight reference lines angularly displaced less than one beamwidth and means for processing the target reflected signals along both boresight reference lines to provide an elevation estimate of the target by target reflected signals along both boresight reference lines and to derive the quadrature component, if any, along both boresight reference line axes. A difference in target elevation derived from target reflected signals along both boresight reference lines or the presence of a quadrature component along one or both boresight reference lines is used to determine the presence of multipath conditions and to provide signals to select one of the elevation signals for tracking or to provide an estimate of target position. The selected elevation signal may be filtered and may have a correction factor added to it | Sanchez Jose A. (Pasadena, MD) | Westinghouse Electric Corp. (Pittsburgh, PA) | 10.03.1981 | 15.05.1984 | G01S13/68, G01S13/00, G01S7/28, G01S13/44, G01S013/44 | 06/242514 |
| 56 | 4436370 | Space variant linear phase shifter for optical ambiguity function generator | This invention provides a simple and easily manufacturable lens apparatus, a space variant phase shifter, which is one of the key components in an optical ambiguity function generator. The improved lens apparatus is a combination of conventional optics comprising a cylindrical lens and a spherical lens in which the spherical lens is of opposite sign than the cylindrical lens and of one half the power | Rebholz Joseph J. (Burnsville, MN), Tamura Poohsan N. (Bloomington, MN) | Honeywell Inc. (Minneapolis, MN) | 09.02.1981 | 13.03.1984 | G01S11/10, G01S11/00, G06E3/00, G06G009/00, G01S013/58, G01S11/10, G06E3/005 | 06/232927 |
| 57 | 4389092 | High speed ambiguity function evaluation by optical processing utilizing a space variant linear phase shifter | A system for using optical data processing means to create the ambiguity function for two signals is disclosed. One-dimensional spatial light modulators are employed to code the signals into a beam of substantially coherent light. After the light has been coded with the first one-dimensional signal a Fourier Transform is performed by lens means. A linear phase shifter is placed in the Fourier Transform plane. This has the effect of creating a linear dependence along a second dimension when a second Fourier Transform is performed | Tamura Poohsan N. (Bloomington, MN) | Honeywell Inc. (Minneapolis, MN) | 29.07.1980 | 21.06.1983 | G02B27/46, G06E3/00, G06G009/00, G01S013/58, G02B27/46, G06E3/001 | 06/173319 |
| 58 | 4369444 | Multipath Doppler shift vertical speed measurement system | A radar system for measuring the vertical component of velocity of a target uses the differences in Doppler frequency between the direct and multipath radar returns. The system filters from this difference a component caused by the targets relative radial speed and then determines the vertical speed from the remaining component | Blumling James P. (Levittown, NY) | Grumman Aerospace Corporation (Bethpage, NY) | 10.11.1980 | 18.01.1983 | G01S13/00, G01S13/60, G01S013/58 | 06/205180 |
| 59 | 4310894 | High speed ambiguity function evaluation by optical processing | An optical system which computes the ambiguity integral using one-dimensional spatial light modulators rather than the two-dimensional data masks or spatial light modulators used in the prior art is revealed. The coding is accomplished by compressing the light beam along one dimension, passing it through a one-dimensional spatial light modulator, and re-expanding the beam along the compressed dimension. The signal may be rotated to produce a linear dependence. In the preferred embodiment an acousto-optic cell commonly known as a Bragg cell is the one-dimensional spatial light modulator chosen | Lee Tzuo-Chang (Bloomington, MN), Tamura Poohsan N. (Bloomington, MN) | Honeywell Inc. (Minneapolis, MN) | 20.12.1979 | 12.01.1982 | G06E3/00, G06G009/00, G06E3/001 | 06/105809 |
| 60 | 4245800 | Spatial coding of laser beams by optically biasing electro-optic modulators | Apparatus for encoding a laser beam with information indicative of position in the beam. A linearly polarized laser beam passes through a birefringent wedge which encodes a continuously varying polarization across one dimension thereof. The polarization-encoded laser beam is applied to an electro-optic modulator which induces a second harmonic component of an applied modulation signal to appear in the beam due to optical biasing by the polarization encoding. On beam center, only the fundamental appears, while going away from beam center the second harmonic appears, having a varying magnitude and phase. A polarizer transmits a linearly polarized component of the encoded beam. To encode a second dimension of the beam orthogonal to the first, a second wedge and modulator are provided. To provide discrimination between the two, the second modulator operates at a different fundamental modulation frequency. The doubly-encoded beam is applied to a polarizer which transmits a linearly polarized component of the laser beam. A receiver detects and separates the encoded signals by frequency, and the fundamental signals are frequency-doubled and compared with the second harmonic signals. A signal is developed which is a function of the magnitude and phase of the second harmonic of each encoded dimension. These signals are indicative of the receiver position in the beam, and may be used as error signals, as in a missile guidance system or the like | Henderson David M. (Playa Del Rey, CA) | Hughes Aircraft Company (Culver City, CA) | 22.06.1978 | 20.01.1981 | F41G7/26, F41G7/20, F41G007/00 | 05/917818 |